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- ENVIRONMENT, Page 65Even the Eskimos Froze
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- A record cold wave moves from Alaska to the Midwest
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- The little village of Coldfoot, Alaska, 50 miles north of
- the Arctic Circle, has long endured jokes about its name. But
- last week no one in Coldfoot -- or anywhere else in Alaska --
- was in much of a mood to laugh about the temperature. For a
- whole month, the entire state had been gripped by one of the
- fiercest Arctic cold waves on record. Some towns in the
- interior registered temperatures as low as -75 degrees F for
- days a time. As for Coldfoot, an unconfirmed reading there two
- weeks ago put the temperature at -82 degrees, colder than the
- official North American record of -81 degrees set in the
- Canadian Yukon in 1947. Alaska Governor Steve Cowper declared
- a state of emergency, requesting everyone to stay indoors as
- much as possible.
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- By midweek, the icy blast had roared out of Alaska across
- western Canada and into the American Midwest. Driven by
- 100-m.p.h. winds and the strongest high-pressure system in
- North American history (barometers reached 31.85 in. of
- mercury), the frigid front generated mammoth snowstorms and in
- some areas dropped thermometer readings by as much as 70 degrees
- in a matter of hours.
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- Alaskans were relieved to be rid of the worst of the freeze,
- but it would take weeks to assess the toll on the state. Schools
- closed, businesses ground to a halt, and hardy villagers huddled
- in their homes to keep warm. Furnaces shut down as heating oil
- turned to jelly, and stoves stood idle as propane gas liquefied.
- The greatest hardships occurred in central Alaska, where normal
- food deliveries were cut off. Governor Cowper called out the Air
- National Guard to parachute supplies into remote villages.
-
- Heavy steel equipment in the North Slope oil fields turned
- icily brittle and snapped into pieces. Military operations were
- disrupted. Most of the 26,000 Army, Air Force and Coast Guard
- personnel taking part in Operation Brim Frost, an Arctic
- training mission, were told to stay in their barracks. The
- Kusko 300, one of the state's major dog-mushing events, had to
- be postponed.
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- Even longtime Alaskans, who normally boast of basking in
- subzero weather, were wincing. Says Mitch Falk, manager of
- Aurora North Fuel in Deadhorse: "It's not too bad at 45 below,
- but 60 below takes it out of you." At the Corner Bar in Nenana,
- which is usually busy even in -25 degrees weather, no one was
- coming in for a cold beer.
-
- When the frigid air mass finally began to move, it blew into
- western Canada, where the temperature in many cities plunged as
- low as -40 degrees F. The worst snowstorm in Edmonton since 1885
- brought the city to a virtual standstill. In Calgary 100,000
- grade-school children were told to stay home when the wind-chill
- factor reached -67 degrees, a level at which exposed flesh
- freezes in less than a minute.
-
- South of the border, the cold wave brought a sudden end to
- unseasonably warm weather in the American West. In Great Falls,
- Mont., the temperature fell overnight from a high of 62 degrees
- to-10 degrees and then down to -34 degrees the next night. Over
- in Helena, the thermometer reading plummeted from 44 degrees to
- -6 degrees in just two hours. As far south as Valentine, Neb., a
- balmy high of 70 degrees turned to 0 degrees in ten hours.
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- Despite the cold front's ferocity, there were few
- casualties. In the places that were hardest hit, people were
- cautious. Martha Hirt of Fairbanks kept her seven school-age
- children indoors. "They're miserable because they can't play
- outside," she said. "We're trying to entertain ourselves by
- watching videos."
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- Why was it so cold? While winters are always frigid in the
- high latitudes of Alaska and Canada, the cold is usually
- mitigated by warm winds from the Pacific Ocean. This year,
- though, a mass of cold air called the Omega Block blew in from
- Siberia and settled over Alaska. A high-pressure zone got stuck
- between two low-pressure systems and stayed put over the state,
- keeping out the warming Pacific winds. By the time cold air
- moved out of Alaska and headed south, it had built up
- tremendous force.
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- Alaskans could at least take comfort from the knowledge that
- the weather could have been even worse. The state got nowhere
- close to the world's record low-temperature reading. That was
- a frosty -128.6 degrees F, recorded in faraway Antarctica in
- 1983.
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